A research team has developed an innovative lithium metal battery with a triple-layer solid polymer electrolyte, offering significant improvements in both fire safety and battery lifespan. This breakthrough has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to large-scale energy storage systems. The study was published in the journal Small.
Traditional solid polymer electrolyte batteries face several limitations, particularly in maintaining optimal contact between the electrodes. This leads to poor performance and dendrite formation, where lithium grows in tree-like structures during repeated charging and discharging cycles. Dendrites are dangerous because they can disrupt the battery’s internal connections, potentially causing fires and explosions.
To solve these issues, the research team developed a triple-layer electrolyte with each layer serving a unique function. The layers improve both the safety and efficiency of the battery.
The electrolyte incorporates decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), a flame-retardant that helps prevent fires.
Zeolite is added to strengthen the electrolyte.
A high concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), a lithium salt, promotes the rapid movement of lithium ions.
The middle layer of the electrolyte is robust, enhancing the battery’s mechanical strength, while the soft outer layer ensures excellent contact with the electrodes, allowing lithium ions to move freely. This design helps prevent dendrite formation and improves energy transfer rates.
In testing, the new battery retained about 87.9% of its performance after 1,000 charging cycles, showing a significant improvement over traditional batteries, which typically retain only 70–80% of their capacity. Additionally, the battery has the ability to extinguish itself in a fire, reducing fire risks.
This new lithium metal battery has the potential to be used in a variety of applications, including smartphones, wearables, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems.
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